The end results $54\pi$ is correct but the chain of equations by which it was derived is very confusing.
This answer shows various methods to calculate a surface integral
$$
\iint_S\mathbf{F\cdot n}\,dS\,.
$$
I prefer this notation to make clear that we are dotting the vector $\mathbf{F}$ with the outer unit normal vector to $S\,.$
Using your parametrization
$$
\phi(u,v)=\begin{pmatrix}
\sqrt{r^2-v^2}\cos u\\
\sqrt{r^2-v^2}\sin u\\
v \end{pmatrix}
$$
the unnormalized normal vector to $S$ is
$$
\phi_u\times\phi_v=\begin{pmatrix}-\sqrt{r^2-v^2}\sin u\\ \sqrt{r^2-v^2}\cos u\\ 0\end{pmatrix}\times\begin{pmatrix}\frac{-v}{\sqrt{r^2-v^2}}\cos u\\ \frac{-v}{ \sqrt{r^2-v^2}}\sin u\\ 1\end{pmatrix}=\begin{pmatrix}\sqrt{r^2-v^2}\cos u\\\sqrt{r^2-v^2}\sin u\\v\end{pmatrix}\,.
$$
- In this symmetric case this cross product equals $\phi(u,v)$ and $\mathbf{F}\,.$
In the linked answer I also elaborated at length why the surface integral becomes
\begin{align}
\iint_S\mathbf{F\cdot n}\,dS=\int_0^{2\pi}\int_0^rr^2-v^2+v^2\,dv\,du
=2\pi r^3\,.
\end{align}
In short: we use the unnormalized $\phi_u\times\phi_v$ to make this integral immune against reparametrization.
One could get the results much quicker by noticing that $\mathbf{F\cdot n}$ is constant on $S$ and equals
$$
\frac{\|\mathbf F\|^2}{\|\mathbf F\|}=\|\mathbf F\|=r\,.
$$ Then the integral is $r$ times half of the
surface of the sphere $r\cdot 2\pi r^2\,.$