I am a newbie at number theory and was recently introduced to Euler's Totient Function. As I found it interesting, I decided to explore some of its properties. There are many of them on the Wikipedia page. I was able to the prove the following properties after seeing the proof of the multiplicative nature of the function. $$ \varphi(p_{1}^{r_{1}}p_{2}^{r_{2}}....p_{k}^{r_{k}})=(p_{1}-1)p_1^{r_1-1}(p_2-1)p_{2}^{r_2-1}.....(p_k-1)p_k^{r_k-1}$$ for $p_1,p_2....p_k$ being prime numbers. Another one I was able to prove was $$ \varphi(n) = n \prod_{p | n}\left( 1 - \frac{1}{p} \right)$$ However I am having trouble proving the following $$ n | \varphi(a^n -1) $$ for all $ a,n > 1$
I have no clue as to how to start this proof so any guidance will be highly appreciated.