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We are given the following triangle:

enter image description here

Here $I$ is the excenter which is formed by the intersection of internal angle bisector of $A$ and external angle bisectors of $B$ and $C$.

Consider $\triangle ABC$, $AD$ is the angle bisector of $A$, so using angle bisector theorem we get that $P$ divides side $BC$ in the ratio $|AB|:|AC|$, where $|AB|,|AC|$ are lengths of the corresponding sides.

Now using the above facts we get the point $P$ as $P(\frac{|AB|x_3+|AC|x_2}{b+c},\frac{|AB|y_3+|AC|y_2}{b+c})$.

Now, if we know the ratio in which $P$ divides $AI$ we are done, but I can't think of anything that will help me do it.

I thought of somehow proving $\triangle BIP$ and $\triangle BIA$ to be similar, to get something, but that isn't the case.

Can anyone help ?

User9523
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1 Answers1

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The trilinear coordinates of the incenter are $[1;1;1]$ and the trilinear coordinates of the $A$-excenter are $[-1;1;1]$, hence the barycentric coordinates of the $A$-excenter $I_A$ are $[-a;b;c]$ and $$ I_A = \frac{-aA+bB+cC}{-a+b+c}=\frac{-|BC|(x_1,y_1)+|AC|(x_2,y_2)+|AB|(x_3,y_3)}{-|BC|+|AC|+|AB|}.$$ Two angles of $BAI_A$ are $\frac{A}{2},\frac{\pi+B}{2}$. Two angles of $BI_A P$ are $\frac{\pi-B}{2}$ and $\frac{A+B}{2}=\frac{\pi-C}{2}$.
It follows that in general $BAI_A$ and $BI_A P$ are not similar. This is not surprising: in your diagram, too, $BPI$ is acute-angled while $ABI$ is not.

Jack D'Aurizio
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  • Thanks for your response, but I am not really aware of that 'barycentric' stuff.. I am just trying to solve it using similarity/congruence. Just wanted to know are the triangles.$BIP,BIA$ really similar ? Saw a proof somewhere which says the same, but I am not really sure, could you comment on that ? – User9523 Aug 16 '18 at 21:03
  • @User9523: what's the issue in computing the angles of $BIP$ and $BIA$? – Jack D'Aurizio Aug 16 '18 at 21:34
  • I am not trying to compute those angles, I am trying to see whether $\triangle BIP$ and $\triangle BIA$ are similar or not ! – User9523 Aug 16 '18 at 21:40
  • @User9523: computing the angles is one way to prove/disprove they are similar. – Jack D'Aurizio Aug 16 '18 at 21:54
  • I am trying (if possible) to apply the similarity postulates here - AA,SAS,SSS. But as of now I see angles $BIP$ and $BIA$ to be equal with side $BI$ as common, which proves nothing ! – User9523 Aug 16 '18 at 21:58
  • @User9523: maybe because they are not similar? Answer updated, by the way. – Jack D'Aurizio Aug 16 '18 at 22:07
  • It may sound stupid, but I went on assuming these triangles indeed are similar, and guess what, that lead to the correct answer ! I don't the what happened.. – User9523 Aug 16 '18 at 22:12
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    @User9523: https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ex_falso_sequitur_quodlibet – Jack D'Aurizio Aug 16 '18 at 22:14