Proving $\mathbb{Z}[i] / (7+5i) \cong \mathbb{Z}_{74}$.

Question

Here's my attempt as I think I vaguely remember something similar:

We have $\phi : \mathbb{Z} \to \mathbb{Z}[i]/(7+5i)$ by $\phi(n) = n + (7+5i)$. I would like now to prove that $\ker\phi = \langle 74 \rangle$ and so by the first isomorphism theorem $$\mathbb{Z}[i]/(7+5i) \cong \mathbb{Z} / \langle 74 \rangle= \mathbb{Z}_{74}.$$

Questions:

How do we prove that $\ker \phi = \langle 74 \rangle $
Is the last equals sign correct?

Can you prove that $74$ is at least contained in the kernel? Do you know that this map is surjective? — Dylan Moreland, Jun 11 '12 at 17:51
$\phi$ is surjective because $31$ is a square root of $-1$ modulo $74$, hence $\phi(31) \in i + \langle 74 \rangle \subseteq i + \langle 7 + 5i \rangle$. — Andrea, Jun 11 '12 at 17:56
Dear user, A very similar question was asked and answered here: http://math.stackexchange.com/q/23358/221 See this answer in particular. Regards, — Matt E, Jun 11 '12 at 17:59

score 7 · Answer 1 · edited Apr 13 '17 at 12:20

7

Hint $\rm\: n\in ker\ \phi\iff 7\!+\!5{\it i}\:|\:n \iff (7\!-\!5{\it i})(7\!+\!5{\it i})\:|\:(7\!-\!5{\it i})\,n\iff 74\:|\:7n\!-\!5n{\it i}\iff 74\:|\:n$

Written in fraction form it amounts to simply rationalizing denominators, viz. for $\rm\:w\ne 0$

$$\rm\ w\:|\:n\ in\ R \iff \frac{n}w \in R\iff \frac{nw'}{ww'}\in R$$

so reducing the problem of divisibility by the complex number $\rm\:w\:$ to the much simpler problem of divisibility by the integer $\rm\:ww'\in \Bbb Z.$

See also my post here on analogous ways of determining units, i.e. divisors of $1$ (vs. $\rm\:n\in \mathbb Z).$

edited Apr 13 '17 at 12:20

Community

1

answered Jun 11 '12 at 17:53

Bill Dubuque

272,048

Could I ask why $74:|:7n!-!5n{\it i}\iff 74:|:n$? – Chris May 18 '21 at 19:37
@Chris If $,a,b\in\Bbb Q,$ then $,a+b,i\in \Bbb Z[i]!\iff! a,b\in \Bbb Z.,$ So $,7n/74 -(5n/74),i\in \Bbb Z[i],$ $\Rightarrow 7n/74\in \Bbb Z,$ so $74\mid n$ by $\gcd(74,7)=1$ and Euclid's Lemma. The method used in the answer is a special case of the method of simpler multiples – Bill Dubuque May 18 '21 at 19:59
Thanks for answering. I also thought that $c|a+bi \iff c|a$ and $c|b$ (in $\Bbb Z$). So, $74|7n-5ni \iff 74|7n$ and $74|5ni \iff 74|n$. What do you say? – Chris May 18 '21 at 21:05
@Chris But you need to justify the first $!\iff!$, e.g. as I did in my prior comment. – Bill Dubuque May 18 '21 at 21:11
You mean to justify why $c|a+bi⟺c|a$ and $c|b$ for any integer $c$? – Chris May 18 '21 at 21:20
1

@Chris Yes. Of course we can also prove that without using fractions - using only divisibility language. I presumed that was the step you were asking about in your first comment. – Bill Dubuque May 18 '21 at 21:46
Well, this is actually easy to prove, but indeed it needs some justification. And yes that was the step I asked for. Thanks for your comments/answers, they are always very didactic. – Chris May 19 '21 at 15:43

Cameron Buie · Answer 2 · 2012-11-05T15:30:29.403

One can even prove a more general result (and it's a fun exercise, too). Given any $n\in\Bbb Z$ not a perfect square, and any $a,b\in\Bbb Z$, we have that $\Bbb Z[\sqrt{n}]/\langle a+b\sqrt{n}\rangle\cong\Bbb Z/\langle a^2-b^2n\rangle$ iff $a,b$ are coprime in $\Bbb Z$. This problem, then, is just the special case of this more general result with $n=-1$. A key observation, here, is that $a,b$ are coprime in $\Bbb Z$ iff there exist $k,l\in\Bbb Z$ such that $ak+bl=-1$.

If you decide to play with this and get stuck, just let me know, and I can give you some more hints.

Proving $\mathbb{Z}[i] / (7+5i) \cong \mathbb{Z}_{74}$.

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