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Question

The number of permutation gates on $n$ qubits is $2^n!$. Define an equivalence relation on these gates by $p_1 \approx p_2$ iff $p_1 = C_L p_2 C_R$ where $p_1, p_2$ are $n$-qubit permutation gates and $C_L, C_R$ denote $n$-qubit Clifford gates. What is the number of equivalence classes (defined by this relation) as a function of the number of qubits? We will denote this function by $\mathcal{P}(n)$.

Background

From the discussion here What are the relations between the permutation group and the Clifford group?, it is clear that all Clifford permutations are affine permutations. I believe a permutation gate is affine iff it can be expressed as a Clifford permutation. If this is true we can put an upper bound on the number of equivalence classes by using results from the mathematics literature see, for example, chapter 4 here. The number of affine equivalence classes is given there by $1, 1, 4, 302$ for 1,2,3, and 4 bits, respectively. The number of such classes explodes for more bits, but an algorithm is provided to calculate the number for any $n$. I haven't looked closely at this, but it likely intractable to carry out this algorithm for modest $n$.

This number may be only an upper bound on $\mathcal{P}(n)$ since permutations can be equivalent by Hadamard conjugation.

Toff1

is in the same equivalence class as enter image description here

which equals

enter image description here.

Are these permutations affine equivalent as well? If so does $\mathcal{P}(n)$ always reduce to counting affine equivalence classes? An affirmative proof of this would answer my question. Otherwise, the question becomes more interesting.

Jonas Anderson
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