Let $\mu$ be the Lebesgue measure.
Let $A$ be a Lebesgue-nonmeasurable set.
Define $S:=\{E\subset A : E\text{ is Lebesgue measurable}\}$.
Does there exists a nonmeasurable set $A$ satisfying $\forall E\in S, \mu(E)=0$?
Let $\mu$ be the Lebesgue measure.
Let $A$ be a Lebesgue-nonmeasurable set.
Define $S:=\{E\subset A : E\text{ is Lebesgue measurable}\}$.
Does there exists a nonmeasurable set $A$ satisfying $\forall E\in S, \mu(E)=0$?
An arbitrary non-measurable subset $A$ with inner Lebesgue measure zero has the property indicated by John in his question. Such are for example, Vitali and Bernstein sets.