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If $p_i:X\rightarrow Y_i$($i=1,2$) are immersion of $S$-schemes, is $X\rightarrow Y_1 \times_{S} Y_2$ an immersion?

I don't know if it is true.I tried to treat the affine case, $X,Y_i,S$ are spectrum of rings$A,B_i,C$. But I don't know what the general immersion is in the dictionary of rings.

Suppose the immersion are closed, then $p_i$ corresponding to surjective homomorphisms$B_i\rightarrow A$, so the induced map from tensor product$B_1\otimes_{C}B_2$ is also surjective to A,which is a closed immersion.

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More generally, it suffices to demand one of the maps to be an immersion:

If $f: X \to Y$ is an immersion, and $g: X \to Z$ is any morphism (all over $S$), then $X \to Y \times_S Z$ is an immersion.

Proof: $X \to Y \times_S Z$ is the composition of the graph-morphism $\Gamma_g = (\text{id}_X, g): X \to X \times_S Z$ with the product morphism $f \times \text{id}_Z: X \times_S Z \to Y \times_S Z$. We will show that both $\Gamma_g$ and $f \times \text{id}_Z$ are immersions.

For $f \times \text{id}_Z$ this is true, because a product of two immersions is an immersion.

The morphism $\Gamma_g$ can be obtained by base extension of the diagonal map $\Delta: Z \to Z \times_S Z$ along $X \times_S Z \xrightarrow{g \times \text{id}_Z} Z \times_S Z$, i.e. the following commutative diagram is cartesian: $$ \begin{matrix} X & \longrightarrow & Z \\ \Gamma_g \downarrow &&\downarrow \Delta \\ X \times Z & \longrightarrow &Z \times Z \end{matrix} $$

To conclude, $X \to Y \times_S Z$ is the composition of two immersions, so an immersion as well.

Note: The following is not true: if $f: X \to Y$ is a closed immersion, then $(f,g):X \to Y \times_S Z$ is a closed immersion. For this we would need that $Z$ is separated over $S$, so $\Delta: Z \to Z \times_S Z$ is a closed immersion.

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Yes. Your morphism factors as $X \to X \times_S X \to Y_1 \times_S Y_2$. Now the claim follows from the following facts:

  • The diagonal morphism $X \to X \times_S X$ is an immersion (for any $X/S$)
  • Immersions are stable under fiber products.
  • Immersions are stable under composition.