Is this part of a more general claim? I have dug through the textbook results and couldn't find one that shows this. i.e., that given a primitive root $a$, $a^n$ is a primitive root iff $\gcd(n,p-1)=1$.
^^I don't get why we need the gcd part as $$a^{n(p-1)}\equiv 1 \pmod p$$ seems to be the case for any $n$, so I don't get where the coprimality comes in.
Does it have anything to do with the fact that if $n$ were coprime with $p-1$, then $n$ would be in it's reduced residue system?