I encountered a proof that assumed the following is true, without proving it or referencing it anywhere so this got me wondering how they knew it was true.
Suppose the series $\lim_{k \rightarrow \infty}\sum_{n=0}^{k}||a_n||$ converges to some number $L$ where each $||a_n||$ is non-negative.
Then is it also true that
$\lim_{k \rightarrow \infty}\sum_{n=0}^{k+1}||a_n|| = L$?
Probably, but I've never been good at anything involving indices and sub-sequences, so I have no idea how to go about this.
I know
\begin{align*} \lim_{k \rightarrow \infty} || \sum_{n=1}^{k+1} - L|| \leq \lim_{k \rightarrow \infty}(|| \sum_{n=1}^{m} - L|| + ||a_{k+1}||) \\ = 0 + \lim_{k \rightarrow \infty}||a_{k+1}|| \end{align*}
Then, from a surprisingly not-proven "theorem" in one of Rudin's principles of analysis books (3.23), I "know" the terms of $||a_k|| \rightarrow 0.$
I'm unsure at the moment what I should do about this extra shifted index. If I re-write the index like $l = k+1$ then I get some other thing I don't know how to prove in the lower limit. The sequence $||a_{k+1}||$ is not necessarily monotonic so I can't bound it above or below by $||a_k||$ either.
Also, from the definition of converge, for some $n \geq N$ $|a_n - l| < \epsilon$ for any $\epsilon > 0$. So an extra term wouldn't change that since $k+1 > N$.
– ning Sep 06 '23 at 22:18