The analogy between arthimetic and CT concept is used ubiquitous by a book done one of the very founders of CT themself called Conceptual Mathematics. I found this quite profound and made a post paraphrasing what was written in one of those pages see here. Here is another example I found when reading about categorical sections:
The first proposition may be regarded as an analog for maps to the observation that once we have multiplication and ‘reciprocals’ (numbers like x =} to solve equations like $3x=1$) we can then express the answers to more general division problems like $3x=5$ by $x= \frac{5}{3}$. The proposition says that if the single choice problem
has a solution( a section for f ) , then every choice problem
Is there a way to make this connection concrete?