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Let $p$ be prime. Consider the group $G$ given by the presentation

$$P=\langle a,b,\{ x_m\mid m\in\Bbb N\}\mid a^p, \{x_m^{p^m}, x_m=b^mab^{-m}\mid m\in\Bbb N\}\rangle.$$

My question is two-fold:

  1. Are the only finite orders of elements in $G$ in the set $$X=\{p^k\mid k\in\Bbb N\cup\{0\}\}?$$

  2. If so, how do I show it?

The reason this is a two-fold question is that I'm fairly sure the answer to (1) is "yes", so I'm more concerned with (2).

Thoughts:

It seems like we can rely on (generalising) this standard proof that for free groups, we have $F_r\le F_2$. The relations $x_m=b^mab^{-m}$ can be removed by Tietze transformations to give $G$ isomorphic to the group given by

$$Q=\langle a,b\mid a^p, \{(b^mab^{-m})^{p^m}\mid m\in\Bbb N\}\rangle.$$

Now I wave my hands a little and say something like, by looking at $P$ and $Q$, we get

$$G\stackrel{{\rm approx.}}{\cong}\left((\Bbb Z\ast\Bbb Z_p)\ast\left({\huge*}_{m\in\Bbb N}\Bbb Z_{p^m}\right)\right)/H,\tag{$*$}$$

where the $\Bbb Z$ comes from $b$, $\Bbb Z_p$ comes from $a^p$, $\Bbb Z_{p^m}$ comes from $x_m$, and $H$ is some leftover stuff from $x_m=b^mab^{-m}$; and it is my intuition, based on $P$ and $Q$, that no orders of finite elements exist for $G$ outside $X$. The free products suggest this to me.

The best I can do from here is say, "just look at $(*)$!"

Please help.

Shaun
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  • What if $n$ is composite? If a group has an element of order $n=6$, then it also has elements of orders $2$ and $3$. – GEdgar May 16 '23 at 00:47
  • Good point! I had primes in mind, @GEdgar. Thank you. Please wait while I edit the question. – Shaun May 16 '23 at 00:51
  • I have edited the question accordingly, @GEdgar. – Shaun May 16 '23 at 00:53
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    If $x_m$ is conjugate to $a$, then the order of $x_m$ coincides with the order of $a$, that is, the order of $x_m$ is $p$. Or did I misunderstand something? – kabenyuk May 16 '23 at 04:13
  • No, I think you're right, @kabenyuk. If you post that comment as an answer, I will accept it. – Shaun May 16 '23 at 12:33
  • It's important to distinguish the presentation $P$ from the group $G$, @kabenyuk. (I'm referring to your now-rolled-back edit.) – Shaun Jun 09 '23 at 23:09
  • @Shaun, I do not insist on my correction, but honestly then it is not very clear what is "the presentation $P$" and what is "the group $G$". – kabenyuk Jun 11 '23 at 02:41

1 Answers1

1

If $x_m$ is conjugate to $a$, then the order of $x_m$ coincides with the order of $a$, that is, the order of $x_m$ is $p$. It follows that the finite orders of elements of group $G$ are $p$ and $1$.

kabenyuk
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