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After reading this Math.SE answer, I wanted to know if my understanding of partial vs. total functions is correct.

$$ \newcommand{\+}{\mkern2mu} \newcommand{\viff}{\Big\Updownarrow} \begin{gather*} f \subseteq A \times B \text{ is a }\textit{partial} \text{ function} \\[5pt] \viff \\[5pt] \forall\+ a \in A,\, \forall\+ b \in B,\, \forall\+ c \in B,\; \bigl((a, b) \in f \land (a, c) \in f\+\bigr) \implies b = c. \\[10pt] f \subseteq A \times B \text{ is a } \textit{total} \text{ function} \\[5pt] \viff \\[5pt] \Bigl(\+\forall\+ a \in A,\, \forall\+ b \in B,\, \forall\+ c \in B,\; \bigl((a, b) \in f \+\land\+ (a, c) \in f\+\bigr) \implies b = c.\Bigr) \\[5pt] \land \\[5pt] \bigl(\+\forall\+ x \in A,\, \exists\, y \in B,\; (x, y) \in f.\bigr) \end{gather*} $$

In other words, $$ \begin{aligned} f \text{ is a } \textit{partial} \text{ function} &\iff f \text{ is a univalent relation.} \\[5pt] f \text{ is a } \textit{total} \text{ function} &\iff f \text{ is a total and univalent relation.} \\[5pt] \end{aligned} $$

Equivalently(?),

$$ \begin{gather*} f\+\colon\+ A \to B\+ \text{ is a } \textit{partial} \text{ function} \\[5pt] \viff \\[5pt] \forall\+ a \in A,\, \forall\+ b \in B,\, \forall\+ c \in B,\; \bigl(f(a) = b \+\land\+ f(a) = c\bigr) \implies b = c. \\[10pt] f\+\colon\+ A \to B\+ \text{ is a } \textit{total} \text{ function} \\[5pt] \viff \\[5pt] \Bigl(\+\forall\+ a \in A,\, \forall\+ b \in B,\, \forall\+ c \in B,\; \bigl(f(a) = b \+\land\+ f(a) = c\+\bigr) \implies b = c.\Bigr) \\[5pt] \land \\[5pt] \bigl(\+\forall\+ x \in A,\, \exists\, y \in B,\; f(x) = y.\bigr) \end{gather*} $$

Are these definitions correct?

Also, when is it safe to assume that function refers to total function in mathematical texts?

Thank you.

  • See function. In set theoretic terms we have a relation, that is a subset of the cartesian product. Then a function is a relation that is "univalent" i.e. such that for each element of the domain there is exactly one element associated to it. Example with set of human males: "x is Father of y" is a relation but not a function; "x is Son of y" is a relation that is a function. – Mauro ALLEGRANZA Dec 16 '22 at 07:39
  • "when is it safe to assume that function refers to total function in mathematical texts?" Always, at least for modern texts! What you are calling a "total function" is the definition of "function". This "partial" vs "total" function stuff is someone's personal labeling that - in my experience - is not common at all. I've heard your "partial functions" called a "functional relation" before, but this is the first time I run into your terminology. For the last 100-150 years, "function" has meant your "total function". (Before that, it didnt mean a subset of $A\times B$ at all). – Paul Sinclair Dec 17 '22 at 04:29
  • @PaulSinclair I see, thank you. – Amanuensis Frances Dec 17 '22 at 06:04

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