I was requested to prove $\mathbb{R}$ is a vector space over $\mathbb{Q}$. However, I do not see how this problem is not completely trivial. We know $(\mathbb{R}, +)$ is an abelian group. Since $\mathbb{Q} \subset \mathbb{R}$ and $(\mathbb{R}, +, \cdot)$ is a field on itself, then we know
- $\frac{a}{b}\cdot (x+y)=\frac{a}{b}x+\frac{a}{b}y$
- $\frac{a}{b} \cdot (x \cdot y)= (\frac{a}{b} \cdot x) \cdot y$
- $1 \cdot x=x$, with $1 \in \mathbb{Q}$,
for any $\frac{a}{b} \in \mathbb{Q}, x \in \mathbb{R}$.
What seems trivial to me is that the three properties immediately follow from the fact that $(\mathbb{R}, +, \cdot)$ is a field and $\mathbb{Q} \subset \mathbb{R}$. Then, for example, we already know $\cdot$ is distributive over $+$, is associative, etc.