This is still an active area of research. D'Aquino's $1997$ article Towards the limits of the Tennenbaum phenomenon is a bit old at this point, but has an excellent introduction, and I believe the big open question mentioned there (whether Tennenbaum applies to $IE^-$) is still open. McAloon showed in $1982$ that Tennenbaum applies to $I\Delta_0$ (this is mentioned in D'Aquino's intro), and below $I\Delta_0$ everything becomes quite complicated.
More recently, Pakhomov has shown that the Tennenbaum phenomenon is surprisingly (to me at least) "language-specific" - see How to escape Tennenbaum's theorem.