I am aware that this has been addressed plenty of times here on this site and elsewhere. However, I want to offer a different proof for your examination. To iterate the problem is:
A complex number $z$, is algebraic if there are integers $a_{0}$,$a_{1}$,$…,a_{n}$ not all zero, such that $a_{0}z^{n}+ a_{1}z^{n-1}+ a_{2}z^{n-2}+…+ a_{n}=0$
Prove that the set of such algebraic numbers is countable.
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My proof follows the following lines:
- Let $S$ be the collection of all such coefficients $a_{0},a_{1},…,a_{n}$, each representing an equation of the above form.
- By diagonalisation, we can show $S$ is countably infinite.
- Let $X$ be the collection of sets of complex numbers which are algebraic
- Individual sets of the collection, $x \in X$ such that $x$ is the set of roots of the above equation.
- The above equation is a 1 to 1 relation from $X$ to $S$ such that every element of $S$ maps to an element in $X$ uniquely, where both elements are sets in themselves : element in set $S$ represent coefficients and element in $X$ represent roots
- Since $S$ is countable then it implies $X$ is countable as there is an injective relationship between the two.
Edits:
- Changed $X$ to collection
- Expanded point 5
- Corrected a typo in point 6