I've seen it written 'the function $f(x)$', is it not the function $f$ and $f(x)$ is it's value at $x$ e.g. for some number $x$ there exists a value $f(x)$ depending on $x$?
I also see used to describe that 'the function $f(x)$ allows us to know the value $f(a)$ for any $a$' Again, surely the value is $f(x)$ and we can determine $f(x)$ for any $x$ in the domain, and this is the same? A textbook I have uses this language and also describing $a$ as a constant? Surely if we say 'for any $a$' we are allowing $a$ to change in this context as the 'for any' is a universal quantifier over the domain?