How to show $(x^m+1,x^n+1)=x^{(m,n)}+1$, where $m,n$ are odd numbers.
It is easy to see that $x+1$ are divisors of $x^k+1, k=m,n$. But how to prove it is the greatest one? It sounds as follows. there exists integers $u,v$ such that $um+vn=d$, where $d=(m,n)$. Assume w.l.o.g, $u<0, v>0$, then $x^{-um}(x+1)=x^{vn}+x^{-um}=x^{vn}+1-1+x^{-um}$. Oh. $x^{vn}+1$ can be divided by $x^n+1$, But how to treat $x^{-mu}-1$?
Here, $(a,b)$ is the greatest common divisor.