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Hopf-Rinow tells us :$M$ is a Riemannian manifold such that every closed and bounded subset of $M$ is compact , then $M$ is complete.

Many lectures say this can be proved by the general topology. But this puzzles me.

We need to show that every Cauchy sequence converge to some point in $M$.

idea:$\{x_n\}$ is a cauchy sequence and thus bounded.

  1. How could we say $\overline{ \{x_n\}}$ is bounded ,too.

  2. $\overline{ \{x_n\}}$ is bounded , then it is compact by hypothesis . How to choose a subesquence of $\{x_n\}$ s.t. it converges, we only know that $\overline{ \{x_n\}}$ is compact and $\{x_n\}$ may not be compact.

Didier
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    For the first question see e.g. here. For the second point note that compactness of a set in a metric space means that every sequence in the set has a limit point in that set. Now ${x_n}$ is for sure a sequence in that set (which is here the closure of ${x_n}$) – leoli1 Jan 28 '21 at 11:43
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    Thank you so much! – Zeldovich Yakov Jan 28 '21 at 11:49

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