Writing down the outcomes of a single coin flipped for t times we have a series of t outcomes, each could be T or H. A "subseries" indicates the number of the run of heads or tails in the given series. For example in the following series: $$ \text{THHHHHHTT} $$ There are three different sub series with the length of 1, 6 and 2. The question is to find the average of subseries with the length of L when flipping the coin for t times. P(t,L) is the number of times a subseries appears in t times of flipping a coin. So the question is basically to divide P(t,L) by 2^t which is the number of all possible outcomes. Note that for example in throwing for 3 times:
- TTT 0 subs with length 1
- TTH 1 sub with length 1
- THT 3 subs ...
- THH 1 sub ...
- HTT 1 sub ...
- HTH 3 subs ...
- HHT 1 sub ...
- HHH 0 subs ... Then P(3,1)= 10
I think this question might also be solvable with the "Linearity of expectations" concept but i don't know how.