Here is a problem I'm working on:
If $M$ is a closed subspace of an inner product space $V$, is it always true that $V=M\oplus M^\perp$?
I am asked to consider the following example: Let $V\subset\ell^2$ be the set of all sequences with only finitely many nonzero terms, and let $M=\{y\in V:\langle y,x\rangle=0\text{ in }\ell^2\}$, where $x=(1/n)_{n=1}^\infty$.
I imagine that to show $V\neq M\oplus M^\perp$ I must find $v\in V$ such that $v$ is not the sum of any $u\in M,w\in M^\perp$. Any hints on how to proceed?