Let $F$ be a field of nonzero characteristic. Artin's book [1] proves the fact that $F$ has prime characteristic along the following lines:
Suppose $F$ has characteristic $m$, where $m$ is not prime. Denote the sum of $n$ copies of $1$ by $\overline n$. Then, $1$ generates a cyclic subgroup of $(F,+)$ with distinct elements $\overline 1 (= 1),\overline 2,......,\overline{m-1}$, and $\overline m =0$. Now, as $m$ is not prime, let $m=rs$, where $1<r,s<m$. Now, in the multiplicative group $(F',*)$, $\overline r$ and $\overline s$ are both members (as neither is $0$), but $\bar r \bar s=0$, which contradicts the fact that $(F',*)$ is a group.
Seems easy to enough to understand, but I am not sure why all the stuff about a cyclic subgroup is there in the middle (in bold).
[1] M. Artin, Algebra (Second Edition), Pearson.