I'm not sure I get the motivation for a Euclidean function having to map to $\mathbb{Z}^{\ge 0}$. E.g. it would seem that $\mathbb{R}^{\ge 0}$ would be a natural choice for a ring of "polynomials" permitting positive real exponents (e.g. $x^{2.5}+x^{0.5}+1$) -- and you can do long division on them too.
Is there something I'm missing?