I think your question isn't really about fractions with irrational denominators, it's about modular arithmetic for irrationals. The answer to that question is that it's not customary to write expressions like
$$
\sqrt{99} \pmod 4 .
$$
Modular arithmetic is usually reserved for integers, and for fractions with some integral denominators, as in the linked question.
In some computer languages and in some applications you might see
$$
\sqrt{99} = 9.94987437107\ldots = 1.94987437107\pmod 4 .
$$
The answer is the number between $0$ and $4$ that differs from
$\sqrt{99}$ by a multiple of $4$.
Edit. As @lulu notes, you may want to think about the square root as an operation on the residues. Then for example
$$
\sqrt{2} \pmod{7}
$$
is $3$ or $4$ since each of those when squared gives an answer congruent to $2 \pmod{7}$.