I know that the maximal ideals in $\mathbb{Z}[X]$ are given by the ideals $(p,f)$ such that $f$ is a monic integral polynomial which is irreducible in $\mathbb{F}_{p}[X]$ and $p$ any prime number. Let $g\in\mathbb{Z}[X]$ be primitive and irreducible in $\mathbb{Q}[X]$. I want to find all maximal ideals in $\mathbb{Z}[X]$ containing this $g$.
Suppose that we have a maximal ideal containing $g$, then $g = p\alpha + f\beta$ for some $\alpha,\beta\in\mathbb{Z}[X]$. Since $g$ is primitive and irreducible we see that $\beta\neq 0$. Then $g = f\beta \mod p$.