My solution that was marked as wrong:
The roots of $f$ are $x_{1,2} = \pm\sqrt{10+\sqrt{2}}$, $x_{3,4} = \pm\sqrt{10-\sqrt{2}}$.
$f$ is the minimal polynomial of $x_1$ over $\mathbb{Q}$.
$x_3^2 = 10 - (x_1^2 - 10)$, so $g = X^2 - x_3^2$ is the minimal polynomial of $x_3$ over $\mathbb{Q}(x_1)$. In total: $$[F:\mathbb{Q}] = [\mathbb{Q}(x_1,x_3):\mathbb{Q}] = [\mathbb{Q}(x_1,x_3):\mathbb{Q}(x_1)]\cdot[\mathbb{Q}(x_1):\mathbb{Q}] = 2\cdot4 = 8.$$