Suppose I have a function $\phi (t)$ and its time derivative $\dot{\phi}$. How would perform $\int \dot{\phi}^2dt$? I've tried using substitution and by parts but both seem to make the integral more complicated.
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2Based on this post, unless your $\phi$ is some kind of special function or can be specified further, I doubt you'll find any satisfying answer. – PrincessEev Oct 09 '19 at 04:04