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A is a $100 \times 100$ matrix.

The element in the $i^{th}$ row and $j^{th}$ column is given by $i^2 + j^2$

Find the rank

Fredrik Meyer
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Debika
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    Weird that no one complained about this question so far, there's no sign of "I tired this and that but I am stuck here, please help me"! – Gigili Dec 03 '13 at 09:47

5 Answers5

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Hint: Show that each row is a linear combination of the vectors $(1,4,9,\ldots,100^2)$ and $(1,1,1,\ldots,1)$.

Jyrki Lahtonen
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Hint: rank of sum $\le$ sum of ranks.

Robert Israel
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    I wish that when I was taught, that knowledge was encapsulated in pithy one-liners like this. – copper.hat Mar 22 '13 at 18:13
  • I don't understand what can we do about the problem now that we know this piece of information, could you elaborate? What does it even mean? Not all visitors are mathematicians! – Gigili Dec 03 '13 at 10:24
  • This matrix is the sum of two matrices, one with the entries $i^2$ and the other with $j^2$. Each has rank $1$, because the first has all columns the same and the second has all rows the same. So our matrix has rank at most $2$. To show the rank is at least $2$, look at some $2 \times 2$ submatrix. – Robert Israel Dec 03 '13 at 15:56
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I think the rank is $2$.

Fact *: Rank of a matrix = Column rank.

Fact 1:When we perform any row operation or column operation to a matrix then the rank of the matrix does not change.

Now we perform the column operations: Subtract the first column from all the columns.

Then the matrix has all its $i$th ($2\le i\le 100$) column as $(i^2-1)(1,1,\dots,1)^t$ and the first column is $(1^2+1^2,2^2+1^2,\dots,100^2+1^2)^t$

Now all the columns of this matrix is linear combination of the following two vectors:$\{(1^2,2^2,3^2\dots,n^2)^t,(1,1,1,\dots,1)^t\}=S$

As all the columns of this reduced matrix is spanned by the vectors in $S$ and $S$ is a linearly independent set, the column rank of the reduced matrix is $2$. Implying by Fact 1 and Fact * that the rank of the matrix is $2$

Gigili
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Abhra Abir Kundu
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Hint:

Let $[B]_{ij} = i^2$, $[C]_{ij} = j^2$. Notice that $A=B+C$ (indeed, $C=B^T$).

What can you say about the rank of $B,C$?

Also, notice that $A$ contains the submatrix $\begin{bmatrix} 2 & 5 \\ 5 & 8\end{bmatrix}$, which is invertible.

If we must use Matlab (or Octave, in my case):

rank(ones(100,1)*(1:100).^2+(ones(100,1)*(1:100).^2)')
copper.hat
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The rank of the matrix $A$ is $2$. I've found it. I used the following commands in MATLAB:

for i=1:100;
for j=1:100;
A(i,j) = i^2 + j^2;
end
end
rank(A)

Rustyn
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    Is a program really needed to find the rank of the a mtrix when it is as simple as this http://math.stackexchange.com/a/338099/48639. – Abhra Abir Kundu Mar 22 '13 at 18:05
  • @AbhraAbirKundu no. HA. I had MATLAB up when i first saw the question and it took .5 seconds to type that in. I was trying to be cheeky because the question was more like a demand. – Rustyn Mar 22 '13 at 23:11