For over 8 months, I have been actively looking for a resource that rigorously tackles mathematical logic - at the same level described in this lecture, timestamp 56:09. A resource which minds the proper order of definitions and uses special constructs such as "pre-mathematical numbers" to get around the problem of natural numbers/sets being undefined at the lowest levels (definitions level) of logic.
All of the mathematical logic books that I've evaluated so far mixes set theory in the logic definitions. But this is not the way that I prefer to study the subject. Could someone please refer me to a resource on logic that has mechanisms to get around circular definitions?
I am well-aware that set theory and logic are very intertwined, and I don't mean to pull them apart. I'm just interested in the proper organization of ideas similar to the standard mentioned here.
Thanks!