Consider the Frobenius automorphism $\sigma:\mathbb{F}_{p^{n}} \to \mathbb{F}_{p^n} $ defined by $\sigma(x)=x^{p},$ where $\mathbb{F}_{p^n}$ is a finite field with $p^n$ elements. Then it is clearly $\sigma$ is $\mathbb{F}_p$ linear map. My question is what is the characteristic polynomial of $\sigma$ ?
Since $\mathbb{F}_{p^n}$ is the splitting field of $X^{p^n}-X$ over $\mathbb{F}_p,$ we have $\sigma ^n-1=0,$ thus the minimal polynomial of $\sigma$ will divide $X^n-1$ in $\mathbb{F}_p[X].$ But I can't find characteristic polynomial of $\sigma.$ Help me. Thanks.