Apologies for a second question on induction. I've been strongly advised to learn to write induction proofs in a standard way, not like this. That seems fair enough. Are the below proofs very clear and easy to follow? Is the formatting standard? Most importantly, are there any mathematical errors?
Do you need to justify statements such as $2^k/k > 2 + 1/k, \ k \geq 3$? If so, where would you slip in a statement such as "LHS constantly increases, RHS constantly decreases" without breaking up the formatting of the proof?
Please feel free to copy these and answer with any adjustments you would make.
$\underline{Proof. \ \ 2^n > n^2 \ \text{ for } \ n \geq 5}$
$2^n>n^2$ is true for $n=5$: \begin{align*} 2^5 &> 5^2 \\ 32 &> 25 \end{align*} If $2^n>n^2$ is true for $n=k$: \begin{align*} 2^k &> k^2 \tag{IH} \end{align*} Then $2^n>n^2$ is true for $n=k+1$: \begin{align*} 2^k/k &> 2+1/k \tag{true for $k\geq3$} \\ 2^k &> 2k+1 \\ 2^k + 2^k &> k^2+2k+1 \tag{using IH} \\ 2 \cdot 2^k &> k^2+2k+1 \\ 2^{k+1} &> (k+1)^2 \\ \end{align*} $\therefore$ By the axiom of induction, $2^n > n^2 \ \ \square$
$\underline{Proof. \ \ 2^n > 2n + 1 \ \text{ for } \ n > 2}$
$2^n > 2n + 1$ is true for $n=3$: \begin{align*} 2^3 &> 2 \cdot 3 + 1 \\ 8 &> 7 \end{align*} If $2^n > 2n + 1$ is true for $n=k$: \begin{align*} 2^k &> 2k + 1 \tag{IH} \end{align*} Then $2^n > 2n + 1$ is true for $n=k+1$: \begin{align*} 2^k &> 2 \tag{true for $k>1$} \\ 2^k + 2^k &> 2k + 3 \tag{using IH} \\ 2 \cdot 2^k &> 2k + 3 \\ 2^{k+1} &> 2(k+1) + 1 \\ \end{align*} $\therefore$ By the axiom of induction, $2^n > 2n + 1 \ \ \square$
