I wish to prove that the binary relation $R_1=\{(x,y):x\in\mathbb{Z}^+,y\in\mathbb{Z}^+,x\neq y$ and $x^y=y^x\}$ is a finite set comprising just the two elements (2,4) and (4,2).
One can easily verify that $2^4=16=4^2$, implying that indeed $(2,4)\in R_1$ and $(4,2)\in R_1$, but proving that the set contains no other elements seems to be a little trickier.
I would suppose the proof should begin: Assume $x^y=y^x$, and one would arrive at the conclusion that either $x$ must be $2$ and $y$ must be $4$ or vice versa, but I am not entirely certain how one should proceed from such an assumption.
Your input is highly appreciated.
The problem was found in the book "Rings, Fields and Groups: An Introduction to Abstract Algebra" by R.B.J.T. Allenby (Second edition pp. 58).