Let $(X,\Sigma)$ be a measurable space. Let $\mu$ and $\nu$ be two measures on thereon. Are there any reasonable restrictions on these measures to ensure the existence of a (measurable) function, $f: X \to X$ such that $$ \nu = f_*\mu$$ where $f_*\mu$ is the push forward of $\mu$ with respect to $f$, i.e., $$\nu(A) = \mu(f^{-1}(A))$$ for all $A \in \Sigma$.
I understand this is a pretty unstructured question. Perhaps, if we require structure of $f$. For example, if $X = \mathbb{R}$ and we require $f$ to be monotone or linear?