I am aware that questions related to the title of this post have already been posted but I think that the proof I'm looking for is a bit different. This proof uses the two following results which I was not able to prove either:
1) If $L$ is a finite algebraic extension of $\mathbb{Q}$ and $R \subseteq L$ a finitely generated $\mathbb{Z}$-algebra, there exist positive integers $n_1,...,n_k$ such that $R$ is integral over $\mathbb{Z}[\frac{1}{n_1},...,\frac{1}{n_k}]$.
2) If $\mathfrak{m}$ is a maximal ideal of $\mathbb{Z}[X_{1},...,X_k]$ it must contain a prime number $p\in \mathbb{Z}$.
And then deduce the theorem from the title.