There certainly exist commutative rings $R$ with unity containing a maximal ideal $m \subsetneq R$ such that $$\bigcap_{k=1}^\infty m^k \neq \{0\}.$$ (Thanks to Dietrich Burde, rschwieb and Lord Shark the Unknown.)
Question: What happens if we further assume that
(i) $R$ is an integral domain,
$\rightarrow$ (EDIT3:) No, see here: Can an ideal in a commutative integral domain be its own square?.
or that
(ii) the quotient $R/m$ is finite?
$\rightarrow$ (EDIT2:) No, take $R = \mathbb{C} \times \mathbb{F}_2$ and $m = \mathbb{C} \times \{ 0 \}$.
Or more general, is there a way to describe those rings $R$ such that $\bigcap_{k=1}^\infty m^k = \{0\}$ holds?