If $k$ is squarefree and even then $L = \mathbf{Q}(\zeta_{k/2}, \sqrt{2})$, hence $L$ is the compositum of the linearly disjoint (over $\mathbf{Q}$) fields $K_1 = \mathbf{Q}(\zeta_{k/2}) = \mathbf{Q}(\zeta_k)$ and $K_2 = \mathbf{Q}(\sqrt{2})$. Since the discriminants are relatively prime (only odd primes are ramified in $K_1$ and $K_2$ is ramified at 2), there is an explicit formula for the discriminant of the compositum, namely $D_L = (D_{K_1})^{[K_2:\mathbf{Q}]} (D_{K_2})^{[K_1:\mathbf{Q}]}$, cf. Proposition I.2.11 in Neukirch's Algebraic Number Theory.
To be more explicit, the discriminant of $L$ is
$$D_L = \frac{(8k^2)^{\phi(k)}}{\displaystyle \prod_{p \mid \phi(k)} p^{2\phi(k)/(p-1)}}. $$