Let $p, N$ be positive integers with $p$ divides $N$.
Why for every integer $X$, $[[X \bmod N] \bmod p ] = [X \bmod p ]$?
And how do I show that $[[X \bmod p ] \bmod N]$ need not equal $[X \bmod N]$?
Let $p, N$ be positive integers with $p$ divides $N$.
Why for every integer $X$, $[[X \bmod N] \bmod p ] = [X \bmod p ]$?
And how do I show that $[[X \bmod p ] \bmod N]$ need not equal $[X \bmod N]$?
For the first question, that is by definition. What is $a + bN$ modulo $N$, and modulo $p$?
For the second, just find a counterexample. (If it's not true for a particular choice of $p$ and $N$, it's not true.) With small enough $p$ and $N$ you can simply look at all the possibilities and find one, e.g., try finding a counterexample with $p=2$ and $N=4$.