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Let $a$ and $b$ be positive integers such that $ab+1$ divides $a^2+b^2$. Show that $\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab+1}$ is the square of an integer.

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1 Answers1

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Numberphile did a detailed 2 part video on the question: Part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y30VF3cSIYQ Part 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0Vj_7Y2-xY