$$\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }\:\begin{pmatrix}2n\\ n\end{pmatrix}\:\frac{1}{8^n}=\sqrt{2}$$ I know that I should use some Taylor series, but which one I'm not sure.
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Well, it is known that
$$\left ( 1-4 x^2 \right )^{-1/2} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \binom{2 n}{n} x^{2 n} $$
Plug in $x^2=\frac18$.

Ron Gordon
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{n \choose k}
or\binom{n}{k}
. – Brian M. Scott Nov 18 '16 at 19:55