Let $f:S\to T$. Let $S\subset X$ and $Y\subset T$. If $X=f^{-1}(Y)$, is it true that $f(X)\subset Y$? Is it true that $f(X)=Y$?
The first claim is true. Pick some $y_0\in f(X)$. Then there exists some $x_0\in X$ such that $f(x_0)=y_0$. By definition of inverse image, $X = \{s\in S: f(x)\in Y\}$. Thus, we have $f(x_0)\in Y$. That is, $y_0\in Y$. This implies that $f(X)\subset Y$.
But I'm not sure about the second claim?