So, Starting at $t=0$ the object has velocity $v(0)=0$ and acceleration $f\ \frac{m}{s^2}$.
Thus at time $t$, by the above mentioned formulas, the object will have travelled
$$x(t)=\frac12t^2f\ \text{ meters}, $$
and will have a velocity of
$$v(t)=ft \ \frac{m}{s}.$$
Between time $t$ and $2t$ it will have travelled, accounting for $\color{red}{\text{the increment in acceleration}}$
$$x(2t)-x(t)=v(t)\cdot t+ \frac12t^2(f\color{red}{+f})\ \text { meters}$$
and will have a final velocity of
$$v(2t)=v(t)+t(f+f)\ \frac{m}{s}.$$
It is now quite clear, this you can prove by inspection, that between time $kt$ and time $(k+1)t$ your object will travel
$$x((k+1)t)-x(kt)=v(kt)\cdot t+ \frac12t^2((k+1)f)\ \text { meters}$$
and its final velocity will be
$$v((k+1)t)-v(kt)=t((k+1)f)\ \frac{m}{s}.$$
Now we sum all contributions, to see that
$$v(Kt)=\sum_{k=0}^{K-1}\left[v((k+1)t)-v(kt)\right]+v(0)=\sum_{k=0}^{K-1}\left[t((k+1)f)\right]+0=tf \sum_{k=0}^{K-1}(k+1)=tf\frac{K(K+1)}{2},$$
so that in particular,
$$v(nt)=tf\frac{n(n+1)}{2}.$$
Similarly
\begin{align*}x(nt)& =\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\left[x((k+1)t)-x(kt)\right]+x(0)=\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\left[v(kt)\cdot t+ \frac12t^2((k+1)f)\right]+x(0)\\ & =t^2f\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\frac{k(k+1)}{2}+ \frac12t^2 f\sum_{k=0}^{n-1} (k+1)\\& = t^2f\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\left[\frac{k(k+1)}{2}+\frac{k+1}{2}\right] \\ & = \frac{t^2f}{2}\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}(k+1)^2 \\ & = \frac{t^2f}{2}\cdot\frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}
\end{align*}
Where in the last step I have used the sum of squares formula (How to get to the formula for the sum of squares of first n numbers?).
Remark: I suppose the suggested answer is missing a $1/6$ factor