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There are classic textbooks for Calculus like Spivak, Courant, Apostol, etc that do a fantastic job at explaining the fundamental concepts and theory along with great problem sets. My question is the following:

Are there any classic textbooks for Algebra, Geometry, and Trigonometry that are equivalent to how Spivak, Courant, and Apostol are for Calculus?

When I say "Algebra" I mean elementary algebra not abstract algebra. I would like a book that explains concepts like polynomials, factoring, sequence and series, inequalities, absolute value, and other interesting algebraic structures with non trivial problem sets. Something like the algebra in the math olympiad.

Happy
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I think what you mean is algebra, trig, and geometry books with rigor as the calc text you mentioned. I know some, for algebra and trig I recommend Modern Algebra and Trigonometry by Vance. This book provides the elementary concepts of algebra and trig but with rigor and full proofs on all the theorems. He even added concepts from abstract algebra and analysis such as field, order, completness. The problem is hard. You are asked to prove a lot of things and don’t worry, he explain the necessary methods of proof. He even introduced limits.

For geometry, it is Geometry by Moise and Downs. It is a good book with proofs that includes analytic geometry. Nothing much to say because geometry isn’t my priority.