Consider a Sturm-Liouville system over an interval $[a,b]$:
$$(p(x)y')' + (q(x) + w(x) \lambda) y = 0$$
Induced by this Sturm-Liouville system is a set of special functions that form a complete basis of the weighted Hilbert space $(L^2[a,b], w(\mu) d \mu)$.
I have been told of a particular result for conventional Fourier series (sines, cosines; $w(x) = 1$) that I would like to generalise to bases induced by any Sturm-Liouville system:
Let $f \in C([a,b],\mathbb R)$.
If the "periodic extension" of the Fourier expansion of $f$ is $C^m$, then for asymptotically large $n$, the coefficients of the Fourier expansion are of order $O \left(\frac 1 {n^{2+m}}\right).$
I'm not entirely sure if I have written this result correctly, but in any case, what I'm looking for is some method of finding the rate of convergence of a generalised Fourier series.
Is there some technique for finding what conditions on a function $f\in (L^2[a,b], w(\mu) d \mu)$ determine the rate of convergence of its generalised Fourier series?