Let $R$ be a ring. An element $r \in R$ is called nilpotent if $r^n=0$ for some integer $n \ge 1$. Show that if $r$ is nilpotent in a ring with identity, then $1-r$ is a unit in $R$.
Proof. Recall that in any ring we have $(−a)(−b) = (ab)$ Thus in any ring with 1 (commutative or not) we have the following identities:
$1 −(−1)^na^n = (1 + a)(1 − a + a^2 − · · · + (−1)^{−1}a^{n−1})$
If $a^n = 0$ then we obtain an inverse $1 − a$
Now, I'm not so familiar with series and am not sure if this suffices. I also assume this can be shown with matrices, integers....as long as it is a ring