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if $x,y,z,w$ be postive integer,and such $x^2+y^2$ is prime number,and $A=\dfrac{w^2+z^2}{x^2+y^2}\in N^{+}$

show that $A$ is a sum of two postive integer squares?

maybe $$A=\dfrac{(w^2+z^2)(x^2+y^2)}{(x^2+y^2)}=\dfrac{(wx+zy)^2}{(x^2+y^2)^2}+\dfrac{(wy-xz)^2}{(x^2+y^2)^2}$$ But I can't prove $\dfrac{wx+zy}{x^2+y^2},\dfrac{(wy-xz)}{x^2+y^2}\in Z$

  • http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1127654/parametrization-of-solutions-of-diophantine-equation – individ Apr 08 '15 at 15:30

1 Answers1

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Approach 1

In this answer, it is shown that a number, $n$, can be written as the sum of two squares if and only if each prime in the prime factorization of $n$ which is $\equiv3\pmod4$ appears with even exponent. Thus, if $$ \frac{w^2+z^2}{x^2+y^2}\in\mathbb{Z} $$ each prime $\equiv3\pmod4$ in $w^2+z^2$ appears with even exponent, and each prime $\equiv3\pmod4$ in $x^2+y^2$ appears with even exponent. Therefore, each prime $\equiv3\pmod4$ in the quotient must appear with even exponent, and therefore, the quotient can be written as a sum of two squares.


Approach 2

Here is an alternate approach using the fact that $x^2+y^2$ is assumed to be a prime.

Since $x^2+y^2$ is a prime number, $x+iy$ and $x-iy$ are Gaussian primes. Thus, because $$ x+iy\mid(w+iz)(w-iz) $$ we can choose the sign of $z$ so that $x+iy\mid w+iz$, and then $x-iy\mid w-iz$, also.

Then $$ \frac{w+iz}{x+iy}=a+ib\qquad\text{and}\qquad\frac{w-iz}{x-iy}=a-ib $$ Thus, $$ \frac{w^2+z^2}{x^2+y^2}=\frac{w+iz}{x+iy}\frac{w-iz}{x-iy}=(a+ib)(a-ib)=a^2+b^2 $$


Confirmation of the Hypothesis Regarding the Squares

Note in the last approach, we have that $$ a+ib=\frac{w+iz}{x+iy}=\frac{(xw+yz)+i(xz-yw)}{x^2+y^2} $$ and therefore, $$ \frac{w^2+z^2}{x^2+y^2} =\left(\frac{xw+yz}{x^2+y^2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{xz-yw}{x^2+y^2}\right)^2 $$ where $$ \frac{xw+yz}{x^2+y^2},\frac{xz-yw}{x^2+y^2}\in\mathbb{Z} $$

robjohn
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