I am trying to answer the following question
For (a) I have said that a and ab are in the ring R, by the definition of a ring. Therefore, by the definition of a Euclidean domain a=abq+r. As we are told that r is non-zero, we know that $\delta(r)<\delta(ab)$.
For (b) I am less sure how to prove this. We know that $\delta(r)<\delta(ab)$ and $\delta(ab)\ge\delta(b)$, but I'm not sure how to show what is required.