I need to prove that $$\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} {\sin{100n}} \; \text{diverges}$$ I think the best way to do it is to show that $\lim_{n\to \infty}{\sin{100n}}\not=0$. But how do I prove it?
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There was a closed formula for sums of sins and cosines. You can turn that series into a function and calculate its limit, that would be easier. – Rafael Bordoni Nov 28 '14 at 20:53
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1different users? http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1042726/proof-that-limit-doesnt-exists/1042736?noredirect=1#comment2124446_1042736 – snulty Nov 28 '14 at 21:03
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$\sin(100 (n+1)) = \cos(100) \sin(100 n) + \sin(100) \cos(100 n)$. If $\sin(100 n)$ is close to $0$, then $\sin(100 (n+1))$ is not...
Robert Israel
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We know that every subgroup of $\mathbb{R}$ is either discrete/cyclic or dense.
Consider the subgroup $G=\left\{100n+2m\pi:n,m\in\mathbb{Z}\right\}$. A simple argument shows that this subgroup is not cyclic (if $\gamma$ was a generator, then $\gamma$ would have to be rational because $100\in G$, but would also have to be irrational because $2\pi\in G$). Thus, $G$ is dense in $\mathbb{R}$.
Therefore, there exists a sequence of distinct elements of $G$ with $\pi/4<|g_k|<\pi/2$, say $g_k=100n_k+2\pi m_k$, and changing $g_k$ by $-g_k$ if necessary, we may assume $n_k>0$. Clearly, the set $\left\{n_k:k=1,2,\ldots\right\}$ is infinite (if not, then the $|g_k|$ would go to $\infty$). But $$\sin(100n_k)=\sin g_k>\sin\pi/4$$ so there exists infinitely many indices $n_k\in\mathbb{N}$ such that $\sin(100n_k)>\sin\pi/4$, so $\sin(100n)$ does not converge to $0$>
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$$\begin{align} \cos(100(k+1-1/2)) - \cos(100(k-1/2)) &= -2\sin\left(\frac{100(2k)}{2}\right)\sin{\frac{101}{2}} \\ \cos(100(k+1/2)) - \cos(100(k-1/2)) &= -2\sin(100k)\sin(50.5) \\ \cos(100(n+1/2)) - \cos(50) &= -2\sin(50.5)\sum_{i=1}^{n}\sin(100i) \\ \frac{\cos(50) - \cos(100(n+1))}{2\sin(50.5)} &= \sum^{n}_{i=1}\sin(100i)\end{align}$$
There. Try to answer it from here.
Rafael Bordoni
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