So, if I were to represent 23 in binary, what are bits here? Are 0 and 1 called bits? What they mean when they say I have five bits of information?
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The usual decimal number system uses digits between 1-9. The difference is that binary number system uses only two digits, 0 and 1. So a binary number may look like this: 1011101. In this example, the jumber is represented by $7$ binary digits, so hence we can "say" it contains $7$ bits of information. There are plenty of explanations online on how to convert decimal to binary or the other way around, you may be interested in searching for them. – nir shahar Feb 05 '22 at 11:43
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_number – Yuval Filmus Feb 05 '22 at 13:53