Windows of applications aren't normally called instances on OS X. You can open new instances with open -n
, but there's no way to do that from the UI. Applications with multiple instances also have multiple Dock icons.

If you actually meant that, you could add an action for it in Alfred:

There's no standard way to open a new window with open
or AppleScript though. You'd have to use different terminology for each application.
on alfred_script(q)
tell application (q as text)
activate
if number of windows is 0 then
reopen
else
if name is "TextEdit" then
tell application "TextEdit" to make new document
else if name is "Finder" then
tell application "Finder" to make new Finder window
else if name is "Safari" then
tell application "Safari" to make new document at beginning with properties {URL:"about:blank"}
end if
end if
end tell
end alfred_script
open -n app
. Does that suit your needs? – bmike Sep 02 '12 at 09:51