MacOS flags the "This app is damaged" alert when the digital signature is invalid. This is usually the case if the file has been modified in some way after signing; but it could also be an issue with the certificate used to sign the app. (E.g. expired, pulled.)
You should try re-downloading the app; and if that fails, contact the developers.
This is a different issue from a quarantine flag, which usually just alerts the user that the app has recently been downloaded and is from an unknown developer: but you are normally still given the possibility to open it.
If deleting the quarantine flag did indeed fix it, then it could well be a bug, and you should report it to Apple.