It seems that in my macOS 13.4.1 (22F82), Disk Utility 22.6 (DU) cannot find an external drive until an OS reboot. Maybe I'm missing something.
A: 30GB Hitachi, 2.5", IDE
B: 30GB Toshiba, 2.5", SATA
C: 500GB Seagate, 2.5", SATA
A was NTFS. I reformatted it APFS, unmounted it. (View set to "Show all devices.") Unplugged drive. Still shows in Disk Utility. Exited and relaunched DU. A still in display. Look through menus for a "refresh" or "rescan" and don't find it. Exit DU, plug in B, relaunch DU. A still showing (part numbers easily distinguishable).
Reboot OS, launch DU. Now B shows, uninitialized. Formatted APFS. Details view suggests format succeeded, but then it tried to "erase data" although secure erase was NOT turned on. Again, could not get it out of DU display without reboot.
Rebooted with C plugged in. Five minutes, nothing appears (except internal SSD). Turn off power to C, exited DU, turned C on again, launched DU. Doesn't show. Turned off power to C, unplugged, plugged in "D"–2000GB Seagate SSHD, 3.5". It doesn't show.
!! Several minutes after I started typing this, DU finally showed something—but it was showing the ID of disk B!
What the heck is going on here? This laptop is still under warranty and has zero problems with my three Time Machine drives and two other externals. It’s a 15-inch, 2019, Intel.
UPDATE: After further testing, there are five of six drives that do not work with this adapter. The adapter goes from USB on the laptop directly to the drive (no enclosure). The ones that don't work are SATA and 3.5" IDE. But the one that does is 2.5" IDE. Possible but unlikely that two of three connectors on the adapter are bad, but there is still the peculiarity of Disk Utility "remembering" a not-connected drive after a reboot. To rule out the drives or the adapter connectors, I would have to disassemble an enclosure with a known working drive, which I am not willing to do.